Nest defence by woodpeckers from inside vs. outside the cavity against the intruder
Abstract Cavity nests are safer than open nests and they uniquely allow a defence from inside. We studied the rates of nest defence from inside/outside the cavity with respect to …
The use of social information about predation risk by foraging house sparrows: a feeder experiment
Abstract There is increasing evidence of social information transfer about predation risk in foraging animal groups. However, little is known about whether individuals also acquire such information from non-members of …
Cooperative den maintenance between male Japanese badgers that are delayed dispersers and their mothers
Abstract In some vertebrates, sexually mature individuals delay dispersal from their natal sites. Delayed dispersers are known to help their parents in many species; however, few studies have investigated the …
Effects of habitat conditions on the boldness and sociability of wild-caught fish (Zacco platypus) along a river
Abstract Wild fish show consistent behavioral differences, e.g., personalities among populations, whereas the possible relationships between personality and environmental conditions have seldom been systemically examined. We aimed to test whether …
Whale shark (Rhincodon typus) predatory flexible feeding behaviors on schooling fish
Abstract Whale sharks are known to feed primarily on zooplankton all over the world; however, recent findings suggest that they also prey on fish using behaviors that have not been …
Female cuckoo calls elicit anti-predatory behavior in birds
Abstract Imperfect Batesian mimicry is common in nature. Female common cuckoos (Cuculus canorus), for instance, seem to be imperfect mimics of hawks (Accipiter spp.) in both appearance and call. However, …
Defensive spray by a semiaquatic osmylid larva (Insecta: Neuroptera) for both aquatic and terrestrial predators
Abstract Chemical secretions are an effective means by which insects can deter potential enemies. Several terrestrial insects spray these liquids directionally toward enemies, but little is known about spraying behavior …
Relationship between death-feigning behavior and population density in a beetle
Abstract Death feigning is an anti-predator behavior that is found in many animal taxa. Death feigning is thought to inhibit further attacks by predators and reduce the perceived need of …